Fishing tool for oil wells



March 26, .1929. 1 1 BLACK FISHING TOOL FOR OIL WELLS Filed June 25, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet March 26, 1929. A L, BLACK FISHING TOOL FOR OIL WELLS Filed June 25, 1927 2 Sheetsheet liti Patented Mar. 26, 1929.

, UNITED STATES LEE J'. BLACK, OF BEAUMONT, TEXAS.

FISHING TOOL FOR OIL WELLS.

Application led June 25,

"llhis invention relates to fishing tools tor oil wells and more particularly' to a device lor removing from well bottonis broken portions ot drill pipe and the like.

Ain important object of the invention is to produce a device ot' this character having readily operable means through which .a grip talreii upon the pipe may be released in event it is lound that the gripped pipe cannot be removed.

il. :turther object of the invention is the provision oit a device of this character 1ncluding means for packing to the ipe so that the circulation of Water theret irou h to assist in releasing the pipe may be esta lished. l

il still further object of the invention is the production of a device oi this character including' ineens for giving a positive indication of the tact that the fish being sought is so located that it may be gripped.

il. further object of the invention is to provide a construction such that these three leatures niay be readily combined in a single overshot und a structure produced which will be durable and eilicient in service and u general improvement in the art.

'llhese und other objects l attain by the construction shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein for the purpose et illustration is shown a preferred embodiment ol niy invention and wherein liigure 1 is a vertical sectional view through a fishingn tool constructed in accord ance with my invention;

liig'ure 2 is a side elevation partially dien Y teraniniutie showing the connections with the Llll liti

puinp employed to provide an indication that the lisli is so positioned that it niay be ,grasped by the iishing tool;

llirure 3 is an enlarged section on the line 3-3 oit Figure l;

Figure l is a section on the line d--l of hiiamre l; y

ltiggure 5 is an enlarged detail sectional view showing the sii inountings and the control member there or.

Referring now more particularly to the drawings, the numeral l() generally design natos the howl of the oversliot, ll a coupling Toy means ot which the bowl may he connected to the drilling stringi` 12, and 13 a guide shoe engaged with threads ll termed upon the interior ot the lower end ot the bowl and guiding the article being lished 'lor into the interior thereof.

1927. Serial No. 201,482.

In accordance with my invention, I provide a ring 15 exteriorly threaded for engagement with the threads 14 at the lower end of the bowl and having its upper end exteriorly relieved, as at 16, so that in the applied position it combines with the inner wall of the howl to provide an annular channel 17. 'lhe exterior face of the ring at its lower end is provided with an outwardly extending flange 18 producing an upwardly facing shoulder against which is seated the lower face of a rubber packing ringr 19. The upper end of the inner face of the ring is threaded for the reception of a nut 20 through which a vjunk ring 21 abuts the upper face of the acking element 19.. The shoe 13 acts as a loci:3 nut for the ring 15.

Rotatably mounted in the bore of the howl is a sleeve 22, the lower end of which rests upon the upper end of the ring 15 or the nut 2O carried thereby or both. This lower end of the sleeve is exterierly relieved at 23 und combines with the inner wall of the bowl to produce a continuation of the channel 17. The bore of the sleeve 22 tapers downwardly and is provided with dove-tail channels 24 slidahly receiving Ts 25 carried liv slips 26. The relieved portion of the sleeve is provided in alignment with the channels 24 with slots 27 opening through the lower end thereof.

The interior wall or the bowl is provided with inwardly extending threads 28 intermediate the ends ot the channel 17 and a releasing ring 29 is threaded thereon. This releasing ring has lugs 3l) entering the slots 27 and will accordingly he rotated when the sleeve 22 is rotated. These lugs are of sutlicient size that they will'yengage the keys of the slips 26 when the releasing ring is moved upwardly. Between the lower end of the releasing ring and the shoulder 31 formed at the lower end of the relief of the ring 15, a spring 32 extends and is normally tensioned. When, by rotation of the sleeve 22, the ring 29 is released from the threads 28, this spring will force it upwardly and exert. an upward thrust against the slips. It will be quite obvious that il the slips, when they receive this thrust, are hut loosel engaged with the surface ol the tish F, tiey will be forced upwardly und are brought to an inoperative isit-ion shown in dotted lines in Figure 1.

he slips 26 are normally forced downward- ,ly luy a second spring 33 which is much lighter than the spring 32 and accordingly yields when the spring 32 comes` into action. This spring seats at its lower end upon the slips and at its upper end upon the lower end of the coupling 11. The coupling 11 is preferably provided with a depending skirt 34 partially housing and protecting the spring 33.

The coupling 11 is formed interiorly with "a,dow'1i\vaii,ll y tapering seat 35 upon which is seated a disk 36 having perforations 37. Secured tothe disk and depending therefrom is a stem 38 and surrounding this stem is a valve 39 for which thedisk 3G forms a seat, A perforated disk 40 of less diameter than the opening at the scat is slidably mounted upon the lower end of the stein 38 and has a guiding hub 4l embracing this stem. Between the hub 41 and the adjacent face of the valve 39, a spring 42 extends. It will be obvious that since downward movement of the disk upon the stem is limited by a stop 43, this spring will serve to keep the valve 39 closed and accordingly to resist the passage of water therethrough with its tension. It will also be obvious that if the disk 4() is forced upwardly against the stem, the tension of the spring 42 will be increased and accordingly the pressure at which the water may open the valve 39 will likewise be in creased.

,I In the use of the device, the assemblage is y,secured to the lower end of a drill pipe and this drill pipe placed in communication with a source of fluid under pressure, such as the ordinary slush ump, generally designated at 44. As the sh enters the lower end of the fishing tool, it will be guided through the rubber ring 19 which by its engagement with the wall of the fish, will provide a seal between the fish land fishing tool. The upper end of the fish continuing upward y through the slips engages the disk 40 and elevates the same, increasing the tension of the spring 42 and accordingly increasing the pressure which must be generated at the pump 44 to force water through the aper tures 37. An indication is thus given to the operator who permits the string to suddenly drop for a short distance. During this drop, the guiding hub 41 of the disk 40 will solidly engage against the valve 39 and through this valve with the disk 36, unseate ing the same and removing the resistance to thepassage of fluid. The fishing is then elevated and the slips grip t e walls of the fish. After a proper gri is taken, if an upward ull fails to dislodp e the fish and it is foun that it is impossib e to wash the fish loose, by pumping water therethrough, the string is rotated. Since the slips 26 are at this time in engagement with the wall of the pipe, they provide resistance to this rotation and accordingly the sleeve 22 Will not be rotated and will hold against movement the ring 29. As soon as the rotastring tion has been carried to a point sufiiccnt to disengage the ring 29 from its threads, the fishing tool ma be slightly lowered, rcleasing the grip o the slips from the pipe and the spring 32 will then act to force the ring 29 upwardly, carrying the slips before it and moving them to their inoperative positions so that when the fishing string is again elevated, they will not grip the pipe.

It will be obvious that the construction hereinbefore set forth is capable of a certain range of change and modification without materially departing from the spirit of thc invention and I accordingly do not limit myself to such specific structure except as here inafter claimed.

I claim 1. In combination with a drilling string, a fishing tool including -gripping elements carried by the lower end thereof, a pump for discharging water/hrough the string and fishinv' tool, acking carried by the lower end of the fis fing tool and engaging a fish entering the tool to seal the fish thereto and divert the water discharged through the string to said fish and means engaged by a fish when said fish is positioned for engagement by the gripping elements of the fishing tool for varying the pressure required oldiseharge water through the string and 2. In combination with a drilling string, a fishing tool including ipping elements carried by the lower enrigrthereof, a pump for dischargin water through the string and fishing todi, acking carried by the lower end of the fi ing tool and engaging a fish entering the tool to seal the fish thereto and divert the Water discharged through the string to said fish, a valve yieldably resisting discharge of the water through the string and fishing tool by the pump and means cngaged by the fish when said fish is positioned for engagement by the gripping elements of the fishing tool for increasing the resistance of said valve to the discharge of water.

3. In combination with a drilling string. a fishing tool including gripping elements carried by the lower end thereof, a pump for discharging water through the string and fishing tool, a valve yieldably resisting discharge of the water through the string and fishing tool by the pump, means engaged by a fish when said fish is osit-ioncd for engagement by the gripping e emcnts of the fishing tool for increasing the resistance of said valve to the discharge of water, and a seat for said valve displaceable upon a predetermined operation of the string with a fish so positioned, to a position where it will not interfere with the discharge of water through the string and fishing tool.

4. In a fishing tool for deep wells, a barrel, gripping elements supported thereby loo .ping teeth for engagement with a positions and normally disposed in the gripping position, said gripping elements being rotatablewith relation to the barrel and normally inoperative spring operated means re leased by relative rotation of the gripping means and barrel for moving said gripping means to inoperative position.

5. In a fishing tool, a barrel, a sleeve rotatable in the barrel, slips held against rotation with relation to but capable of vertical movement upon the sleeve and having gripping teeth for engagement with a fish entered therebet-ween and means operated by relative rotation of the sleeve and barrel for urging said slips upwardly in the sleeve to a position where they are held against engagement with the fish.

6. In a fishing tool, a barrel, a sleeve rotatable in the barrel, slips held against rotation with relation to but capable of vertical movement upon the sleeve and havin griptered therebetween and a spring-pressed rin having portions for engaging the slips hel against rotation with relation tothe sleeve and having threaded engagement with the barrel.

7. In a fishing tool, a barrel, a sleeve rotatable therein and having its inner face formed as a downwardly tapering slip seat, slips keyed to the sleeve and having at their inner faces grip ing teeth for engagement with a fish, the ower end of the sleeve being exteriorly relieved and combining with the opposed wall of the barrel to providev an annular chamber, the barrel formed wall of the chamber havinfr a short threaded section, a ring engaged with said threaded section, al spring urging said ring upwardly and lugs carried by said ring extending through slots formed in the lower end of the sleeve for engagement wlth said slips.

8. In a fishing tool, a barrel, a sleeve rotatable therein and having its inner face .formed as a downwardly tapering slip Seat, slips keyed to the sleeve and having at their inner faces gripping teeth for engagement with a fish, the lower end of the sleeve being exteriorly relieved and combining with the opposed wall of the barrel to provide an annular chamber, the barrel formed Wall of the chamber having a short threaded section, a ring engaged with said threaded section, a; spring urging said ring upwardly, lugs carried by said ring extending through slots formed in the lower end of the sleeve sh enfor engagement with said slips, said spring engaging the ring with its upper end and a packing ring against which the lower end of the spring is seated, said packing ring including packing dlexnents for engagement with a fish to seal the space between the barrel and fishl against the passage of fiuids.

9. In a fishing tool, abarrel, a sleeve rotatable therein and having its inner end formed as a downwardly tapering slip seat, slips keyed to the sleeve and having at their inner faces gripping teeth for engagement with a fish, the lower end of the sleeve being exteriorly relieved and combining with4 the opposed wail of the. barrel to provide an annular chamber, the. barrel formed wall of the chamber having a short threaded section, a ring engaged with said threaded section, a spring urging said ring upwardly, lugs carried by said ring extending through slots formedinthc lower end of the sleeve for engaginent with 'said slips, said s ring engaging the ring with its up )er en and a packing ring against which t e lower end of the spring is seated, said packing ring including acking elements for engagement with a fisli to seal the space between the barrel and fish against the passage of fluids, the upper end of the packing ring aiiording a seat for the sleeve.

10. In a fishing tool for deep wells, a barrel, gripping elements supported thereby and movable from gripping to inoperative positions and normally disposed in the gripping position, said gripping elements being rotatable with relation to the barrel and normally inoperative means released by relative rotation of the gripping means and barrel for moving said gripping means to inoperative position, said releasing means comprising a ring threaded to the barrel and held against rotation with relation to the gripping means and a spring urging the ring in engagement with the slips to move the same to inoperative position when the threaded engagement between the barrel and ring is disei'lgaged.

1l. A device as set forth in claim 2, wherein'said valve and the seat therefor are displaeeable by the fish upon a predetermined 

